Article review: Gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) in captopril
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May 22, 2025
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Abstract
Captopril is an antihypertensive drug that belongs to the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE-Inhibitor) class and is widely applied for first-line therapy. This drug has a pharmacokinetic profile with a short half-life of about 2-3 hours, is easily soluble in water, and is stable under acidic conditions (pH 1.2). However, its stability decreases as the pH increases, making it susceptible to degradation. Absorption of captopril in the stomach does not take place completely due to the low gastro retention time (GTR), causing its bioavailability to be low (around 65%). To increase drug effectiveness, reduce degradation, and improve patient compliance, various drug delivery systems have been developed. One promising approach is the Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS), which is a sustained release drug delivery system deliberately designed to maintain the drug longer in the stomach. This review article aims to examine GRDDS methods that can be applied to captopril, including modification of the matrix and polymer used, in order to obtain a better drug release profile and improve drug characteristics. The literature review was searched using databases namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, with publication year coverage from 2014 to 2024. The keywords used included: “Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS)”.
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How to Cite
Sutiyah, S. and Jafar, G. (2025) “Article review: Gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) in captopril”, Science Midwifery, 13(2), pp. 403-409. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i2.1920.
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Amalia, A. (2022). Pengukuran Efisiensi Penjerapan Captopril secara In Situ Loading dan Post Loading dalam Hidrogel Kitosan Termodifikasi Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) melalui Kavitasi Sonikasi. Warta Akab, 46(2), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.55075/wa.v46i2.104
Annisa, V. (2021). Review : Sistem Penghantaran Obat Gastroretentif ( GRDDS ) Review : Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System ( GRDDS ). 7(1), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.33772/pharmauho.v7
Barkah, D. C., Ahmad, F., Susilo Putri, D. I., Ratna Ningsih, S. N., & Yuniarsih, N. (2023). Nanopartikel Sebagai Sistem Penghantaran Obat Tertarget Melalui Injeksi. Jurnal Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan, 13(3), 288–295. https://doi.org/10.52643/jbik.v13i3.2678
Blair, H. (2022). Types of Drug Delivery System and Drug Therapies. Journal of Developing Drugs Types, 11(3), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6631.22.11.171.Citation
Devi, V., Jain, N., & Valli, K. (2010). Importance of novel drug delivery systems in herbal medicines. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(7), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.65322
Fajarsari, Y. (2021). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Hipertensi Dengan Perilaku Pencegahan Terjadinya Hipertensi Pada Jemaah Haji Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotagede I Yogyakarta. Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta.
Firmanda, L. (2024). PENGARUH TERAPI BEKAM TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI GRIYA BEKAM AZ-ZAHRA TAHUN 2024. Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu.
Firnanda, E. L. (2021). PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINUMAN REBUSAN DAUN SIRSAK (ANNONA MURICATA LINN) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA AKSEPTOR LAMA KB SUNTIK 3 BULAN (DMPA) DI PMB OVALYA MAKAROVA PUJON. ITSK RS dr. Soepraoen.
Hintari, S., & Fibriana, A. I. (2023). Hipertensi pada Penduduk Usia Produktif (15-59 Tahun) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pageruyung Kabupaten Kendal Sri. Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 1(2), 208–218.
Ismail, I., Hidayah, M. A., Nur, U., Farmasi, J., Kedokteran, F., Universitas, K., Negeri, I., Makassar, A., Simran, S., & Prashant, S. (2020). Kualitas dan Profil Pelepasan Kaptopril Dari Tablet Gastroretensif Mukoadhesif yang Mengunakan Matriks Natrium Karboksimetil Selulosa dan Karbopol 934P Quality and Release Profile of Captopril from Mucoadhesive Gastroretentive Tablet by Using Matrix Sodiu. Ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v3i1.14028
Jassal, M., Nautiyal, U., Kundlas, J., & Singh, D. (2015). A review: Gastroretentive drug delivery system (grdds). Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 3(01). https://doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.3.1.13
Khasanah, K., Ananta, I. G. B. T., Herlina, N., Yulianita, Y., Ambarwati, R., Sri, T., Wulandari, A., & Wahyuningrum, C. (2025). Buku Ajar Pengantar Ilmu Farmasi. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Kurnianta, P. D. M., Sari, S. W., Yanti, S. I., Alfianna, W., Solihah, R., Dari, N. P. D. R. W., Okzelia, S. D., Suzana, D., Fatwami, E. F., & Rohenti, I. R. (2023). PENGANTAR FARMAKOLOGI: Konsep dan Teori. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
More, S., Gavali, K., Doke, O., & Kasgawade, P. (2018). Gastroretentive drug delivery system. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(4), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2014.1.2.9
Nadjamuddin, M., Manggau, M. A., Kaelan, C., Irfayanti, N. A., & Pratama, A. S. (2022). Efek Penggunaan Antihipertensi Pasien Stroke Iskemik. Penerbit Nem.
Nainggolan, H., Nuraini, R., Sepriano, S., Aryasa, I. W. T., Meilin, A., Adhicandra, I., Putri, E., Andiyan, A., & Prayitno, H. (2023). GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION: Transformasi Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan berbagai Sektor. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Nusaly, W. N., Patty, K. L., Setiyabudi, L., Temartenan, J. S., Wattimena, S. C., Hamzah, P., Mainassy, M. C., Andriyani, W., & Birahy, D. C. (2024). Dasar-Dasar Bioteknologi. TOHAR MEDIA.
Obied, A. H. H., & Ahmed, A. A. E. (2021). Evaluation of the clinical outcome of captopril use for hypertensive urgency in Khartoum State’s emergency centres. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 11(1), 202–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2020.10.003
Purwaningtyas, A. V., & Barliana, M. I. (2021). EFEK ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR (ACEI) DAN ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) SEBAGAI KARDIOPROTEKTOR TERHADAP CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS. Farmaka, 18(1), 53–59.
Rahmi, S., Harahap, N. D., & Tarigan, R. S. P. B. (2025). SISTEM PENGHANTARAN OBAT BARU (NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM).
Rosyadi, A., Yesika, R., Pranawati, E., Dewi, F. R., Sagitha, I. G. E., Elvionita, C., Dhaneswari, P., Pratiwi, A. D., & Indrayoni, P. (2024). Buku Ajar Farmakologi Dasar. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Triyanto, D. A., Utami, V. V. F. R., & Kurniawan, D. W. (2018). Sustained release of captopril tablet with floating system using a cross-linked matrix of alginate. KARTIKA: JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI, 6(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v6i1.123
Vydana, R., Bonnoth, C. S. K., Suryadevara, V., & Doppalapudi, S. (2021). Preparation and Evaluation of Captopril Oral Floating Controlled Release Formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(44B), 442–452. https://doi.org/10.9734/JPRI/2021/v33i44B32696
Yanita, N. I. S. (2022). Berdamai dengan hipertensi. Bumi Medika.