The effectiveness of educational media in preventing anemia among adolescent girls
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Jun 3, 2025
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Abstract
Anemia is a prevalent health issue among adolescent girls, particularly in developing countries, with serious consequences for growth, cognitive function, and overall well-being. As this group undergoes critical physical development and prepares for future reproductive health, effective prevention strategies are essential. Health education has been widely recognized as a key intervention to improve awareness, knowledge, and behavioral changes related to iron intake and nutrition. This study systematically reviews 18 eligible articles published between 2013 and 2024 that examine the effectiveness of various educational media in preventing anemia among adolescent girls. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed with relevant keywords in both English and Bahasa Indonesia. The included studies utilize different methodologies, such as quasi-experimental designs, participatory action research (PAR), and media development. Various educational media were analyzed, including leaflets, posters, videos, mobile applications, and interactive tools like educational games. The findings consistently demonstrate that educational interventions, particularly those utilizing digital and interactive media, effectively enhance knowledge, foster positive attitudes, and promote healthier behaviors. Approaches that actively involve participants, such as PAR, further improve engagement and personal responsibility for health. To maximize effectiveness, future programs should expand the use of digital platforms, such as social media and gamified learning tools, which have been shown to sustain attention and motivation. Additionally, integrating culturally relevant and community-based educational strategies can further enhance the long-term impact of anemia prevention efforts among adolescent girls.
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How to Cite
Fitraniar, I., Anita, A. and Yusnaini, Y. (2025) “The effectiveness of educational media in preventing anemia among adolescent girls”, Science Midwifery, 13(2), pp. 444-453. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i2.1935.
References
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Ahmalinda, M., Suprihartono, F. A., Priawantiputri, W., & Pusparini, P. (2020b). Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Anemia, Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah, dan Asupan Fe pada Remaja Putri Sekolah Menengah Atas di Cimahi.
Alaofé, H., Zee, J., Dossa, R., & O’Brien, H. T. (2009). Effect of a nutrition education program and diet modification in beninese adolescent girls suffering from mild iron deficiency anemia. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 48(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670240802293675
Amalia, N. R., Dewi, H. A., Sulastri, M., Jamil, M. U., Marlina, L., Daryanti, E., Suryani, I. S., & Nurakilah, H. (2024). EDUKASI ANEMIA REMAJA PUTRI DAN PEMERIKSAAN HEMOGLOBIN PASCA PEMBERIAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH DI SMP AL-MA’ARIF KOTA TASIKMALAYA. Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(3), 4743–4748. https://doi.org/10.31004/CDJ.V5I3.28893
Diana Solang, S., Agustina Tupan, H., Kebidanan, J., & Kemenkes Manado, P. (2023). Efektivitas Audio Visual Dan Modul Terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang Anemia: Literatur Review. Jurnal Gizi Kerja Dan Produktivitas, 4(1), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.62870/JGKP.V4I1.20457
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Elstrott, B., Khan, L., Olson, S., Raghunathan, V., DeLoughery, T., & Shatzel, J. J. (2020). The role of iron repletion in adult iron deficiency anemia and other diseases. European Journal of Haematology, 104(3), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/EJH.13345;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Gelaw, Y., Woldu, B., & Melku, M. (2019). The role of reticulocyte hemoglobin content for diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, and monitoring of iron therapy: A literature review. Clinical Laboratory, 65(12), 2211. https://doi.org/10.7754/CLIN.LAB.2019.190315
Jabbar, A., Akib, N. I., Parawansah, P., Yani, E., Fadilah, F., Irmawati, I., Hastria, R., Darmin, W. O. Y. P. N., & Mubarak, M. (2023). EDUKASI BAHAYA ANEMIA DAN PENGGUNAAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH (Fe) PADA SISWI DI SMP NEGERI 5 KENDARI. EJOIN: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(6), 543–548. https://doi.org/10.55681/EJOIN.V1I6.1046
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, F., Zaddana, C., Indriani, L., Muharam Nurdin, N., & Oktavia Sembiring, M. (2019). PENGARUH EDUKASI GIZI DAN PEMBERIAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH (TTD) TERHADAP KENAIKAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN REMAJA PUTRI. FITOFARMAKA: JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI, 9(2), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.33751/JF.V9I2.1606
Lamuri, A., Nur, A., & Susanto, N. H. (2024). Results Discrepancy in the National Health Survey 2023 in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.4898483
Lende, R., Mikawati, Muaningsih, Suriyani, & Pratiwi, R. (2024). Analysis Of The Consumption Behaviour Of Blood Supplement Tablets Among Female Students At Stikes Panakkukang. Journal of Health Science Community, 5(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.30994/JHSC.V5I2.239
Percy, L., Mansour, D., & Fraser, I. (2017). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in women. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 40, 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BPOBGYN.2016.09.007
Ritz, E., Laville, M., Bilous, R. W., O’Donoghue, D., Scherhag, A., Burger, U., & de Alvaro, F. (2007). Target Level for Hemoglobin Correction in Patients With Diabetes and CKD: Primary Results of the Anemia Correction in Diabetes (ACORD) Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 49(2), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1053/J.AJKD.2006.11.032
ROMANTI, Y., Wahyuni, E., Efriana, R., Mariati, M., & Hartini, L. (2022). Efektivitas Penyuluhan dengan Media Video terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri tentang Anemia di SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu. Nursing Arts, 12(2), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.36741/JNA.V12I2.78
Rosaria, R., Flora, R., Zulkarnain, M., Januar Sitorus, R., Hasyim, H., Alam Fajar, N., Ermi, N., Biancika Jasmine, A., Slamet, S., Purnama, Y., Sulung, N., Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, P., Kesehatan Masyarakat, F., Sriwijaya, U., Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, P., Kedokteran, F., Kesehatan Lingkungan, P., Doktoral Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, P., Airlangga, U., … Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, F. (2023). PENGARUH STRES PSIKOLOGIS TERHADAP KADAR KORTISOL ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI KABUPATEN SELUMA. Mitra Raflesia (Journal of Health Science), 15(2), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.51712/MITRARAFLESIA.V15I2.301
Rusyda, A. L. (2025). Exploring the Non-Communicable Disease Burden in Indonesia – Findings from the 2023 Health Survey. Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN), 5(2), 6. https://doi.org/10.7454/ijphn.v5i2.1064
Salma Nabila, P., Triyanto, E., & Girindra Swasti, K. (2023). PENGARUH EDUKASI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA TIKTOK TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI. Jurnal Sains Kebidanan, 5(2), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.31983/JSK.V5I2.9723
Soesilawati, P., Notopuro, H., Yuliati, Y., Ariani, M. D., & Firdauzy, M. A. B. (2019). The role of salivary sIgA as protection for dental caries activity in Indonesian children. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 11, 291–295. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S194865
Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 - Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan | BKPK Kemenkes. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/hasil-ski-2023/
Susilowati, I. H., Chan, A., Satria, N., Hasiholan, B. P., S, M. A., & Modjo, R. (2025). Comparison of Physical and Mental Health in Pre-retirement Workers in Urban and Rural Areas Using the Indonesian Health Survey 2023. F1000Research 2025 14:438, 14, 438. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.162777.1
Violita, F., & Adimuntja, N. P. (2025). PENGEMBANGAN KARTU TRUTH OR DARE UNTUK EDUKASI PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 9(1), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.31764/JMM.V9I1.28010
Wang, W., Bourgeois, T., Klima, J., Berlan, E. D., Fischer, A. N., & O’Brien, S. H. (2013). Iron deficiency and fatigue in adolescent females with heavy menstrual bleeding. Haemophilia, 19(2), 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/HAE.12046;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
Website, A., Anifah, F., & Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, K. (2020). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Melalui Media Vidio Terhadap Pengetahuan Tentang Anemia Pada Remaja Putri. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 5(1), 2020. https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v5i1.6335
Wouters, H. J. C. M., van der Klauw, M. M., de Witte, T., Stauder, R., Swinkels, D. W., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., & Huls, G. (2018). Association of anemia with health-related quality of life and survival: a large population-based cohort study. Haematologica, 104(3), 468. https://doi.org/10.3324/HAEMATOL.2018.195552
Ahmalinda, M., Suprihartono, F. A., Priawantiputri, W., & Pusparini, P. (2020a). Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Anemia, Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah, dan Asupan Fe pada Remaja Putri Sekolah Menengah Atas di Cimahi.
Ahmalinda, M., Suprihartono, F. A., Priawantiputri, W., & Pusparini, P. (2020b). Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Anemia, Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah, dan Asupan Fe pada Remaja Putri Sekolah Menengah Atas di Cimahi.
Alaofé, H., Zee, J., Dossa, R., & O’Brien, H. T. (2009). Effect of a nutrition education program and diet modification in beninese adolescent girls suffering from mild iron deficiency anemia. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 48(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670240802293675
Amalia, N. R., Dewi, H. A., Sulastri, M., Jamil, M. U., Marlina, L., Daryanti, E., Suryani, I. S., & Nurakilah, H. (2024). EDUKASI ANEMIA REMAJA PUTRI DAN PEMERIKSAAN HEMOGLOBIN PASCA PEMBERIAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH DI SMP AL-MA’ARIF KOTA TASIKMALAYA. Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(3), 4743–4748. https://doi.org/10.31004/CDJ.V5I3.28893
Diana Solang, S., Agustina Tupan, H., Kebidanan, J., & Kemenkes Manado, P. (2023). Efektivitas Audio Visual Dan Modul Terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang Anemia: Literatur Review. Jurnal Gizi Kerja Dan Produktivitas, 4(1), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.62870/JGKP.V4I1.20457
Domenica Cappellini, M., & Motta, I. (2015). Anemia in Clinical Practice—Definition and Classification: Does Hemoglobin Change With Aging? Seminars in Hematology, 52(4), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1053/J.SEMINHEMATOL.2015.07.006
Elstrott, B., Khan, L., Olson, S., Raghunathan, V., DeLoughery, T., & Shatzel, J. J. (2020). The role of iron repletion in adult iron deficiency anemia and other diseases. European Journal of Haematology, 104(3), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/EJH.13345;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Gelaw, Y., Woldu, B., & Melku, M. (2019). The role of reticulocyte hemoglobin content for diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, and monitoring of iron therapy: A literature review. Clinical Laboratory, 65(12), 2211. https://doi.org/10.7754/CLIN.LAB.2019.190315
Jabbar, A., Akib, N. I., Parawansah, P., Yani, E., Fadilah, F., Irmawati, I., Hastria, R., Darmin, W. O. Y. P. N., & Mubarak, M. (2023). EDUKASI BAHAYA ANEMIA DAN PENGGUNAAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH (Fe) PADA SISWI DI SMP NEGERI 5 KENDARI. EJOIN: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(6), 543–548. https://doi.org/10.55681/EJOIN.V1I6.1046
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, F., Zaddana, C., Indriani, L., Muharam Nurdin, N., & Oktavia Sembiring, M. (2019). PENGARUH EDUKASI GIZI DAN PEMBERIAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH (TTD) TERHADAP KENAIKAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN REMAJA PUTRI. FITOFARMAKA: JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI, 9(2), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.33751/JF.V9I2.1606
Lamuri, A., Nur, A., & Susanto, N. H. (2024). Results Discrepancy in the National Health Survey 2023 in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.4898483
Lende, R., Mikawati, Muaningsih, Suriyani, & Pratiwi, R. (2024). Analysis Of The Consumption Behaviour Of Blood Supplement Tablets Among Female Students At Stikes Panakkukang. Journal of Health Science Community, 5(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.30994/JHSC.V5I2.239
Percy, L., Mansour, D., & Fraser, I. (2017). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in women. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 40, 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BPOBGYN.2016.09.007
Ritz, E., Laville, M., Bilous, R. W., O’Donoghue, D., Scherhag, A., Burger, U., & de Alvaro, F. (2007). Target Level for Hemoglobin Correction in Patients With Diabetes and CKD: Primary Results of the Anemia Correction in Diabetes (ACORD) Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 49(2), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1053/J.AJKD.2006.11.032
ROMANTI, Y., Wahyuni, E., Efriana, R., Mariati, M., & Hartini, L. (2022). Efektivitas Penyuluhan dengan Media Video terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri tentang Anemia di SMAN 10 Kota Bengkulu. Nursing Arts, 12(2), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.36741/JNA.V12I2.78
Rosaria, R., Flora, R., Zulkarnain, M., Januar Sitorus, R., Hasyim, H., Alam Fajar, N., Ermi, N., Biancika Jasmine, A., Slamet, S., Purnama, Y., Sulung, N., Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, P., Kesehatan Masyarakat, F., Sriwijaya, U., Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, P., Kedokteran, F., Kesehatan Lingkungan, P., Doktoral Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, P., Airlangga, U., … Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, F. (2023). PENGARUH STRES PSIKOLOGIS TERHADAP KADAR KORTISOL ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI KABUPATEN SELUMA. Mitra Raflesia (Journal of Health Science), 15(2), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.51712/MITRARAFLESIA.V15I2.301
Rusyda, A. L. (2025). Exploring the Non-Communicable Disease Burden in Indonesia – Findings from the 2023 Health Survey. Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN), 5(2), 6. https://doi.org/10.7454/ijphn.v5i2.1064
Salma Nabila, P., Triyanto, E., & Girindra Swasti, K. (2023). PENGARUH EDUKASI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA TIKTOK TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI. Jurnal Sains Kebidanan, 5(2), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.31983/JSK.V5I2.9723
Soesilawati, P., Notopuro, H., Yuliati, Y., Ariani, M. D., & Firdauzy, M. A. B. (2019). The role of salivary sIgA as protection for dental caries activity in Indonesian children. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 11, 291–295. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S194865
Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 - Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan | BKPK Kemenkes. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/hasil-ski-2023/
Susilowati, I. H., Chan, A., Satria, N., Hasiholan, B. P., S, M. A., & Modjo, R. (2025). Comparison of Physical and Mental Health in Pre-retirement Workers in Urban and Rural Areas Using the Indonesian Health Survey 2023. F1000Research 2025 14:438, 14, 438. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.162777.1
Violita, F., & Adimuntja, N. P. (2025). PENGEMBANGAN KARTU TRUTH OR DARE UNTUK EDUKASI PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 9(1), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.31764/JMM.V9I1.28010
Wang, W., Bourgeois, T., Klima, J., Berlan, E. D., Fischer, A. N., & O’Brien, S. H. (2013). Iron deficiency and fatigue in adolescent females with heavy menstrual bleeding. Haemophilia, 19(2), 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/HAE.12046;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
Website, A., Anifah, F., & Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, K. (2020). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Melalui Media Vidio Terhadap Pengetahuan Tentang Anemia Pada Remaja Putri. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 5(1), 2020. https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v5i1.6335
Wouters, H. J. C. M., van der Klauw, M. M., de Witte, T., Stauder, R., Swinkels, D. W., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., & Huls, G. (2018). Association of anemia with health-related quality of life and survival: a large population-based cohort study. Haematologica, 104(3), 468. https://doi.org/10.3324/HAEMATOL.2018.195552