Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in stunted children: Review article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v12i2.1581Keywords:
Children, Deficiency Macronutrients, Stunting, Superoxide Dismutase ActivityAbstract
This literature review aims to provide an overview of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in stunted children. Method is a literature search was done regarding superoxide dismutase activity in stunting. The literature search utilized PubMed to search for published articles, including clinical trials, case reports, and review articles between 2011 and 2023. The result of stunting is a type of chronic malnutrition caused by long-term malnutrition in children. Malnutrition is the cause of 45% of all deaths in children aged <5 years. Deficiency of macronutrients, especially protein and amino acids, especially leucine and arginine in stunting, can cause a decrease in mTORC1 activation, as a pathway in the body's protein synthesis, especially enzymatic synthesis. Disruption of the mTORC1 pathway due to stunting causes a decrease in the synthesis of enzymatic endogenous antioxidants, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD), followed by an increase in free radical molecules in the body. An imbalance between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and an increase in free radicals in stunted children can create short-term impacts, such as recurrent acute infections. There can also be long-term impacts, namely non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus in the future. Conclusion: based on this literature review, it can be concluded that there is a decrease in the synthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) found in stunted children.
Downloads
References
Aly GS, Shaalan AH, Mattar MK, Ahmed HH, Zaki ME, Abdallah HR. (2014). Oxidative Stress Status in Nutritionally Stunted Children. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette;62(1):28-33. doi:10.1016/j.epag.2014.02.003
Andrew J. Prendegast, & Jean H. Humphrey. (2014). The Stunting Syndrome in Developing Countries. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 250–265
Arsenault, J. E., & Brown, K. H. (2017). Effects of protein or amino-acid supplementation on the physical growth of young children in low-income countries. Nutrition Reviews, 75(9), 699–717. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux027
Condon, K. J., & Sabatini, D. M. (2019). Nutrient regulation of mTORC1 at a glance. Journal of Cell Science, 132(21). https://doi.org/10.1242/JCS.222570
Fikawati, S., Syafiq, A., Ririyanti, R. K., & Gemily, S. C. (2021). Energy and protein intakes are associated with stunting among preschool children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia: a case-control study. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 27(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.31246/MJN-2020-0074
Fukai T and Ushio-Fukai M. (2011). Superoxide dismutases: Role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 15(6), 1583–1606. http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362292796%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2011.3999
Juan, C. A., de la Lastra, J. M. P., Plou, F. J., & Pérez-Lebeña, E. (2021). The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (Ros) revisited: Outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids and proteins) and induced pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094642
Kamei, Y., Hatazawa, Y., Uchitomi, R., Yoshimura, R., & Miura, S. (2020). Regulation of skeletal muscle function by amino acids. Nutrients, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010261
Karmakar A, Das AK, Ghosh N and Sil PC. (2022). Superoxide dismutase. In Antioxidants Effects in Health Jan 1 (pp. 139-166). Elsevier.
Kathryn, G. D., & Seth, A.-A. (2008). Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12(7), 10–17.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/Menkes/2147/2023 Tentang Pedoman Nasional Penatalaksanaan Penumonia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2021). Buku Saku: Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1–99. https://promkes.kemkes.go.id/materi-hasil-survei-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-2022
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Buku Saku: Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1–99. https://promkes.kemkes.go.id/materi-hasil-survei-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-2022
Kementerian Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan. (2018). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Intervensi Penurunan Stunting Terintegrasi di Kabupaten/Kota. Rencana Aksi Nasional Dalam Rangka Penurunan Stunting: Rembuk Stunting, November, 1–51. https://tnp2k.go.id/filemanager/files/Rakornis 2018/Pedoman Pelaksanaan Intervensi Penurunan Stunting Terintegrasi Di Kabupaten Kota.pdf
Khulan, B., Cooper, W. N., Skinner, B. M., Bauer, J., Owens, S., Prentice, A. M., Belteki, G., Constancia, M., Dunger, D., & Affara, N. A. (2012). Periconceptional maternal micronutrient supplementation is associated with widespread gender related changes in the epigenome: A study of a unique resource in the Gambia. Human Molecular Genetics, 21(9), 2086–2101. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/dds026
Kim, J. K., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway in epileptic disorders. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 62(3), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2019.0027
Leroy JL, Habicht JP, González de CossÃÂÂo T, Ruel MT. (2014). Maternal education mitigates the negative effects of higher income on the double burden of child stunting and maternal overweight in rural Mexico. Journal of Nutrition, 144(5), 765–770. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/144/5/765.full.pdf%5Cnhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed12&NEWS=N&AN=2014273286
Lalu, M. (2021). Kebijakan dan Strategi Percepatan Penurunan Stunting di Indonesia. Bkkbn.
Li, X. zhi, & Yan, X. hua. (2019). Sensors for the mTORC1 pathway regulated by amino acids. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B, 20(9), 699–712. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1900181
Maggio, M., De Vita, F. D., Lauretani, F., Buttò, V., Bondi, G., Cattabiani, C., Nouvenne, A., Meschi, T., Dall’Agli, E., & Ceda, G. P. (2013). IGF-1, the cross road of the nutritional, inflammatory and hormonal pathways to frailty. Nutrients, 5(10), 4184–4205. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5104184
McDonald, C. M., Olofin, I., Flaxman, S., Fawzi, W. W., Spiegelman, D., Caulfield, L. E., Black, R. E., Ezzati, M., & Danaei, G. (2013). The effect of multiple anthropometric deficits on child mortality: Meta-analysis of individual data in 10 prospective studies from developing countries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(4), 896–901. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.047639
Moussa, Z., M.A. Judeh, Z., & A. Ahmed, S. (2020). Nonenzymatic Exogenous and Endogenous Antioxidants. Free Radical Medicine and Biology. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87778
Munoz, U., & Castilla-Cortazar, I. (2012). Protection Against Oxidative Stress and “IGF-I Deficiency Conditions.†Antioxidant Enzyme. https://doi.org/10.5772/51047
Prendergast, A. J., Rukobo, S., Chasekwa, B., Mutasa, K., Ntozini, R., Mbuya, M. N. N., Jones, A., Moulton, L. H., Stoltzfus, R. J., & Humphrey, J. H. (2014). Stunting is characterized by chronic inflammation in zimbabwean infants. PLoS ONE, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086928
Rahal, A., Kumar, A., Singh, V., Yadav, B., Tiwari, R., Chakraborty, S., & Dhama, K. (2014). Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: The interplay. BioMed Research International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/761264
RISKESDAS. (2018). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018 Kemenkes RI. F1000Research, 10, 126.
Semba, R. D., Trehan, I., Gonzalez-Freire, M., Kraemer, K., Moaddel, R., Ordiz, M. I., Ferrucci, L., & Manary, M. J. (2016). Perspective: The potential role of essential amino acids and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway in the pathogenesis of child stunting. Advances in Nutrition, 7(5), 853–865. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.013276
Sies, H. (2020). Oxidative stress: Concept and some practical aspects. Antioxidants, 9(9), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090852
Soliman, A., De Sanctis, V., Alaaraj, N., Ahmed, S., Alyafei, F., Hamed, N., & Soliman, N. (2021). Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood. Acta Biomedica, 92(1). https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346
Sychlowy, A. (1981). Superoxide dismutase. Materia Medica Polona, 13(2), 100–103.
Syed, S., Manji, K. P., McDonald, C. M., Kisenge, R., Aboud, S., Sudfeld, C., Locks, L., Liu, E., Fawzi, W. W., & Duggan, C. P. (2018). Biomarkers of systemic inflammation and growth in early infancy are associated with stunting in young Tanzanian children. Nutrients, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091158
Tsang, C. K., & Zheng, X. F. S. (2018). A balancing act: mTOR integrates nutrient signals to regulate redox-dependent growth and survival through SOD1. Molecular and Cellular Oncology, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/23723556.2018.1488372
Umeda, M., Hiramoto, M., Watanabe, A., Tsunoda, N., & Imai, T. (2015). Arginine-induced insulin secretion in endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 466(4), 717–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.006
UNICEF, WHO, & Group, W. B. (2023). Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key finding of the 2023 edition. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 24(2), 51–78.
Witkowska-Sędek, E., & Pyrżak, B. (2020). Chronic inflammation and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. Central European Journal of Immunology, 45(4), 469–475. https://doi.org/10.5114/CEJI.2020.103422
Wolfson, R. L., & Sabatini, D. M. (2017). The Dawn of the Age of Amino Acid Sensors for the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell Metabolism, 26(2), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.001
World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Reducing Stunting In Childern: Wquity Considerations for Achieving Global Nutrition Target 2025. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/reducing-stunting-children-equity/en/
