Analysis of factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis in children under five years of age in Karang Tengah district, Tangerang city
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v14i4.2472Keywords:
Children Under Five, Close Contact, Nutritional Status, TuberculosisAbstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in children under five years remains a public health concern in Karang Tengah District, Tangerang City. This study aimed to identify factors associated with TB among children under five years. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in Karang Tengah District, Tangerang City, from Mei to Juni 2026. A total of 94 children were selected using proportional stratified random sampling. TB status was determined based on documented TB diagnoses in health-center records and the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB). Information on other study variables was obtained through structured interviews with parents or guardians and supplemented by health-center records. The variables assessed included maternal education and knowledge, sex, nutritional status, household contact with a TB patient, cigarette-smoke exposure, BCG immunization status and healthcare service quality. Results: Good nutritional status was observed in 84.0% of participants, 29.8% had a history of household contact with a TB patient and 90.4% had received BCG immunization. TB was documented in 20.2% of children. Nutritional status and household contact history were significantly associated with TB in the bivariate analysis (both p<0.001). In the multivariable model, nutritional status remained significantly associated with TB (AOR 9.043; 95% CI: 1.656–49.376; p=0.011), while household contact history showed a strong adjusted association (AOR 20.828; 95% CI: 3.703–117.150; p<0.001). The wide confidence intervals indicate limited precision of the adjusted estimates. Conclusion: Nutritional status and household contact history were associated with TB among children under five years. Given the cross-sectional design, these findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal relationships.
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