Factors Affecting the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women
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Nov 22, 2022
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women in the working area of the UPTD Puskesmas Kampung Bangka, Pontianak City. This type of research is cross sectional study design. with a purposive sampling approach. The results of this study show the results of the analysis of the relationship between parity, pregnancy distance, education, occupation and income that affect the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women, namely parity of pregnant women with CED as many as 14 people (36.8%), distance 9 pregnant women with SEZ with high risk (56%), low education of pregnant women with SEZ as many as 10 people (45.5%), CED pregnant women with no work as many as 12 people (40%), and low income pregnant women with SEZ as many as 14 people (44%). Based on the results of the Chi Square test, the value of p = 0.000 < (0.05) on the variable distance between pregnancy and income shows a significant relationship that affects the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women while the parity, education and occupation variables show no there is a significant relationship that affects the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women. The distance between pregnancy and income shows a significant relationship that affects the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women.
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How to Cite
Akbarini, O. F. and Siswina, T. (2022) “Factors Affecting the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women”, Science Midwifery, 10(5), pp. 3776-3783. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v10i5.841.
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Alwan NA, Cade JE, McArdle HJ, Greenwood DC, Hayes HE and Simpson NAB. 2015. Maternal iron status in early pregnancy and birth outcomes: insights from the baby's vascular health and iron in pregnancy study. British Journal of Nutrition. 113(12): 1985-1992. Doi:10.1017/S0007114515001166
Arisman, 2004. Gizi dalam Daur Kehidupan.EGC.Jakarta.
Aviram A, Hod M, Yogev Y. 2011. Maternal obesity: Implications for pregnancy outcome and long-term risks—a link to maternal nutrition. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 115(1): S6–S10.
[BKKBN] Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional. 2013. Gerakan Keluarga Berencana dan Keluarga Sejahtera. Jakarta (ID): BKKBN.
[BKKBN] Jatim. 2015. Cara-Cara Kontrasepsi Yang Digunakan Dewasa Ini. Diakses: 20 Mei 2019. http://www.bkkbn-jatim.go.id/.
Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis M, Ezzati M, Grantham-McGregor S, Katz J, Martorell R et al. 2013. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle income countries. Lancet. 382(9890): 427-51. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X.
Cheng Y, Dibley MJ, Zhang X, Zeng L, Yan H. 2009. Assessment of dietary intake among pregnant women in a rural area of western china. BMC Public Health. 9(222): 1-9. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-222.
Fanta C.H., 2009, Drug Therapy of Asthma, The New England Journal of Medicine, London, UK.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2011. FAO Data-bases and Data-sets. http://faostat.fao.org/site/569/default.aspx#ancor. [27 Mei 2019].
Fischer NC, Shamah-Levy T, Mundo-Rosas V, Mendez-Gomez-Humaran I, Perez-Escamilla R. 2014. Household food insecurity is associated with anemia in adult Mexican women of reproductive age. J Nutr. 144(12):2066–72. Doi: 10.3945/jn.114.197095.
Fowles ER, Bryant M, Kim SH, Walker LO, Ruiz RJ, Timmerman GM, Brown A. 2011. Predictors of dietary quality in low-income pregnant women: a path analysis. Nurs Res. 60(5): 286-294.Doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e3182266461.
Gibson RS. 2005. Principal of Nutrition Assessment. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
Harding R, Bocking AD. 2001. Fetal Growth and Development. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
Hardinsyah, Atmojo SM. 2000. Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Pangan. Jakarta (ID): PERGIZI PANGAN.
Karaoglu L, Pehlivan E, Egri M, Deprem C, Gunes G, Genc MF, Temel I. 2010. The prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnancy in an east Anatolian province, Turkey. BMC Public Health. 10(329): 1-12. Doi: 10.1186/1471- 2458-10-329.
Kedir H, Berhane Y, Worku A. 2016. Magnitude and determinants of malnutrition among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia: evidence from rural, community-based setting. Maternal and Child Nutrition. 12(1): 51–63. Doi: 10.1111/mcn.12136.
Kotut J, Wafula S, Ettyang G, Mbagaya G. 2014. Protein-energi malnutrition among women of child bearing age in semi arid areas of Keiyo district, Kenya. Advances in Life Science and Technology. 24(1): 80-92.
Mengesha AD, Ayele TT. 2015. The impact of culture on the nutritional status of children and mothers durrinng recurring food insecurity: the case of boreicha woreda (snnprs). American Journal of Educational Research. 3(7): 849-867. Doi: 10.12691/education-3-7-8. Brown JE. 2011. Nutrition through Life Cycle. Belmont (US): Wadsworth Cencage Learning.
Moursi M, Arimond M, Dewey KG, Treche S, Ruel MT. 2008. Dietary diversity is a good predictor of micronutrient density of the diet of 6 to 23 month old children In Madagascar. The Journal of Nutrition. 10(235): 2448-2553
Ramakrishnan U, Grant F, Goldenberg T, Zongrone A, Martorella R. 2012. Effect of women’s nutrition before and during early pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 26 (1): 285–301. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01281.x
[RISKESDAS] Riset Kesehatan Dasar. 2007. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Departemen Kesehatan, Republik Indonesia.
Savy M, Martin-Pre´vel1 Y, Sawadogo P, Kameli Y, Delpeuch F. 2005. Use of variety/diversity scores for diet quality measurement: relation with nutritional status of women in a rural area in Burkina Faso. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 9(5):703–716. Doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602135.
Sugiyono. 2010. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta
Supariasa, dkk. 2002. Penilaian Status Gizi. Jakarta : Penerbit Kedokteran EGC.
[UNICEF] United Nations Childrens Fund. 1990. Strategy for Improved Nutrition of Children and Women in Developing Countries. New York (US): UNICEF.
VanderJagt DJ, Brock HS, Melah GS, El-Nafaty AU, Crossey MJ, Glew RH. 2007. Nutritional factors associated with anaemia in pregnant women in northern Nigeria. J Health Popul Nutr.25(1): 75-81.
Völgyi E, Carroll KN, Hare ME, Ringwald-Smith K, Piyathilake C, Yoo WS, Tylavsky FA. 2013. Dietary patterns in pregnancy and effects on nutrient intake in the mid-south: the conditions affecting neurocognitive development and learning in early childhood (candle) study. Nutrients. 5(5): 1511-1530. Doi: 10.3390/nu5051511.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2015. Pregnancy [Internet]. [diunduh 20 Mei 2019]. Tersedia pada: http://who.int.
Willy K, Judith K, Peter C. 2016. Dietary diversity, nutrient intake and nutritional status among pregnant women in Laikipia County, Kenya. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research. 6(4): 378-385.