Antibacterial Activity Test of Meniran Herb Extract (Phyllanthus Niruri L.) against Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Klebsiella Pneumoniae
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Nov 28, 2022
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Abstract
An antibacterial test of meniran herb extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae has been carried out. Meniran herb powder was screened for phytochemicals to assess the secondary metabolites contained in it, then meniran herbs were extracted using the soxhletation method in stages with various solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol). The disc diffusion method was used to test the inhibition zone diameter of n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Meniran herb extract was diluted with a concentration series using dimethylsulfoxide. Meniran herb extracts from the three types showed the best inhibition zone diameter when tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the solid dilution method. The results showed that meniran herb powder contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/terpenoids. Antibacterial tests showed that ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol extracts had antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of the two meniran herb extracts had the largest inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 50%, which was 12,33 mm for the ethyl acetate extract and 16,00 mm for the ethanol extract. The MIC test of the ethanol extract of the meniran herb, which had the best antibacterial activity, found that at a concentration of 2,5% it was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
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How to Cite
Nahrul, N. H., Rachmayanti, A. S. and Masaenah, E. (2022) “Antibacterial Activity Test of Meniran Herb Extract (Phyllanthus Niruri L.) against Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Klebsiella Pneumoniae ”, Science Midwifery, 10(5), pp. 3876-3885. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v10i5.927.
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Bello, I., Usman, N. S., Dewa, A., Abubakar, K., Aminu, N., Asmawi, M. Z., & Mahmud, R. (2020). Blood pressure lowering effect and vascular activity of Phyllanthus niruri extract: The role of NO/cGMP signaling pathway and β-adrenoceptor mediated relaxation of isolated aortic rings. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 250(September 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112461
Brisse, S., Grimont, F., & Grimont, P. A. D. (2006). The Genus Klebsiella. In The Prokaryotes (pp. 159–196). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30746-X_8
Claudel, J. P., Auffret, N., Leccia, M. T., Poli, F., Corvec, S., & Dréno, B. (2019). Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Potential New Player in the Physiopathology of Acne? Dermatology, 235(4), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1159/000499858
Elfahmi, Woerdenbag, H. J., & Kayser, O. (2014). Jamu: Indonesian traditional herbal medicine towards rational phytopharmacological use. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 4(2), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2014.01.002
Hassim, N., Markom, M., Rosli, M. I., & Harun, S. (2019). Scale-up criteria and economic analysis for supercritical fluid extraction of Phyllanthus niruri. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 139(September 2018), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.03.011
Husni, E., Suharti, N., & Atma, A. P. T. (2018). Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Pacar Kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn) serta Penentuan Kadar Fenolat Total dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 5(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.5.1.12-16.2018
KH, T. D., Sudirman, A., & Juniarti, D. E. (2016). Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri linn) Terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial Activity Of Phyllanthus niruri linn Extract Against Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria). Conservative Dentistry Journal, 6(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v6i2.2016.99-104
Mangunwardoyo, W., Eni, C., & Tepy, U. (2009). Ekstraksi Dan Identifikasi Senyawa Antimikroba Herba Meniran (Pylannthus niruri L.). Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 7(2).
Manik, D. F., Hertiani, T., & Anshory, H. (2014). Analisis Korelasi Antara Kadar Flavonoid Dengan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dan Fraksi-Fraksi Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Khazanah, 6(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.20885/khazanah.vol6.iss2.art1
Martinus, B. A., & Rivai, H. (2015). Pengaruh Perbandingan Etanol:Air sebagai Pelarut Ekstraksi terhadap Perolehan Kadar Fenolat dan Daya Antioksidan Herba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.). Scientia : Jurnal Farmasi Dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.36434/scientia.v1i1.18
Matuschek, E., Brown, D. F. J., & Kahlmeter, G. (2014). Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(4), O255–O266. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12373
MS, M., G, C., R, M., S, V., & Naik R, S. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus niruri (Chanka piedra). IP Journal of Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Science, 3(4), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijnmhs.2020.021
Mulyadi, M., Wuryanti, W., & Sarjono, P. R. (2017). Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Kadar Sampel Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) dalam Etanol Melalui Metode Difusi Cakram. Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 20(3), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.20.3.130-135
Otto, M. (2009). Staphylococcus epidermidis — the “accidental” pathogen. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7(8), 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2182
Poeloengan, M., & Praptiwi, P. (2010). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn). Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 20(2 Jun).
Sani, R. N., Nisa, F. C., Andriani, R. D., & Maligan, J. M. (2014). Analisis Rendemen Dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Mikroalga Laut Tetraselmis chuii. Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri, 2(2), 121–126.
Sembiring, B., Ginting, I., Penelitian, B., & Obat, T. (2006). Pengaruh Kehalusan Bahan Dan Lama Ekstraksi Terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorriza Roxb). Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat, 17(2), 53–58.
Semeniuc, C. A., Pop, C. R., & Rotar, A. M. (2017). Antibacterial activity and interactions of plant essential oil combinations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 25(2), 403–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.06.002
Sharma, P. C., Jain, A., Jain, S., Pahwa, R., & Yar, M. S. (2010). Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 25(4), 577–589. https://doi.org/10.3109/14756360903373350
Tambunan, R. M., Swandiny, G. F., & Zaidan, S. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Ekstrak Etanol 70 % Herba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) Terstandar. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 12(2), 60–64.
Ulfa, F. S., Anggo, A. D., & Romadhon. (2014). Uji Potensi Aktivitas Antioksidan Dengan Metode Ekstraksi Bertingkat Pada Lamun Dugong (Thalassia hemprichii) Dari Perairan Jepara. Jurnal Pengolahan Dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 3(3), 32–39.
Wulandari, M., Idiawati, N., & Gusrizal. (2013). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak n -Heksana, Etil Asetat dan Metanol Kulit Buah Jeruk Sambal ( Citrus microcarpa Bunge ). Jkk, 2(2), 90–94.
Zain, S., Herwanto, T., & Putri, S. (2016). Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Minyak Biji Kelor (Moringa Oleifera L.) Dengan Metode Sokletasi Menggunakan Pelarut N-Heksan, Metanol Dan Etanol. Jurnal Teknotan, 10(2), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.24198/jt.vol10n2.3