Differences in the Use of Covid-19 Comorbid Drugs in Before and Early Of Pandemic
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Nov 30, 2022
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Abstract
Comorbid patients with Covid 19 affect the severity of the infection. This study aims to examine the utilization of generic medications in the treatment of comorbid Covid-19. Data were retrieved retrospectively from Al Ihsan Hospital's medical records. The data summarize the use of generic medicines for comorbid Covid-19 in the year preceding and in the first year of the pandemic. Metformin is the most commonly recommended medication for type 2 diabetes management.In contrast, Acarbose was the most extensively used medicine before the epidemic. Pioglitazone is the least prescribed diabetes medication. Before the pandemic, Amlodipine 10 mg was the most commonly prescribed medication for cardiovascular disease management. This is distinct from the pre-pandemic period when Ramipril was the most frequently used medication. Verapamil was the least prescribed medication prior to and throughout the epidemic. Three of the eleven medicine names analyzed in the Diabetes Comorbid group indicated that there was a significant variation in use between before and during the pandemic. Thirteen of the twenty-one medicine names analyzed in the Cardiovascular Comorbid group showed a substantial variation in usage between before and during a pandemic.
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How to Cite
Skarayadi, O., Syarifuddin, M.Robby Ramdhani, M Rifky Rohman and Arif R Sjahidy (2022) “Differences in the Use of Covid-19 Comorbid Drugs in Before and Early Of Pandemic”, Science Midwifery, 10(5), pp. 3917-3922. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v10i5.928.
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Chan, J. W. M., Ng, C. K., Chan, Y. H., Mok, T. Y. W., Lee, S., Chu, S. Y. Y., Law, W. L., Lee, M. P., & Li, P. C. K. (2003). Short-term outcome and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in adults with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Thorax, 58(8), 686–689. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.8.686
Chen, Y., Yang, D., Cheng, B., Chen, J., Peng, A., Yang, C., Liu, C., Xiong, M., Deng, A., Zhang, Y., Zheng, L., & Huang, K. (2020). Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Diabetes and COVID-19 in Association with Glucose-Lowering Medication. Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1399–1407. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0660
Choo, E. K., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2020). Medication Shortages During the COVID-19 Crisis: What We Must Do. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 95, Issue 6, pp. 1112–1115). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.001
Clerkin, K. J., Fried, J. A., Raikhelkar, J., Sayer, G., Griffin, J. M., Masoumi, A., Jain, S. S., Burkhoff, D., Kumaraiah, D., Rabbani, L. R., Schwartz, A., & Uriel, N. (2020). COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation, 2019, 1648–1655. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941
Deana, C., Vetrugno, L., Tonizzo, A., Orso, D., Piani, T., Bove, T., & De Monte, A. (2020). Drug Supply During COVID-19 Pandemic: Remember Not to Run With Your Tank Empty. Hospital Pharmacy, 56(5), 405–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018578720931749
European Medicines Agency. (2020). E.U. authorities agree new measures to support availability of medicines used in the COVID-19 pandemic. 31(April), 2019–2020. www.ema.europa.eu/contact
Federation International Pharmaceutical. (2020). Fip Health Advisory Guidelines for Pharmacists and the Pharmacy Workforce. March, 1–29.
Karyono, D. R., & Wicaksana, A. L. (2020). Current prevalence, Characteristics, and Comorbidities of Patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health, 3(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.57325
Kemenkes RI. (2020). Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). 5, 1–214. https://doi.org/10.33654/math.v4i0.299
Kementerian Perindustrian RI. (2021). Buku Analisis Pembangunan Industri : Membangun Kemandirian Industri Farmasi Nasional. II, 1–33. https://www.kemenperin.go.id/download/26388/Buku-Analisis-Industri-Farmasi-2021
Kun’ain, U. I. A., Rahardjo, S. S., & Tamtomo, D. G. (2020). Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity on the Risk of Death in Covid-19 Patients. Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 5(4), 368–377. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.12.
Lavanya, M., & Cueve. (2012). siRNA Screen for Genes that Affect Junín Virus Entry Uncovers Voltage-gated Calcium Channels as a Therapeutic Target Madakasira. 23(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3006827.siRNA
Li, G., Chen, Z., Lv, Z., Li, H., Chang, D., & Lu, J. (2021). Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: Associations and Possible Mechanisms. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7394378
Oudit, G. Y., Kassiri, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, P. P., Poutanen, S. M., Penninger, J. M., & Butany, J. (2009). SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with SARS. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 39(7), 618–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x
Peng, C., Wang, H., Guo, Y. F., Qi, G. Y., Zhang, C. X., Chen, T., He, J., Jin, Z. C., & Ni, J. (2021). Calcium Channel Blockers Improve Prognosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Hypertension. Chinese Medical Journal, 134(13), 1602–1609. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000001479
Shibata, S., Arima, H., Asayama, K., Hoshide, S., Ichihara, A., Ishimitsu, T., Kario, K., Kishi, T., Mogi, M., Nishiyama, A., Ohishi, M., Ohkubo, T., Tamura, K., Tanaka, M., Yamamoto, E., Yamamoto, K., & Itoh, H. (2020). Hypertension and Related Diseases in The Era of COVID-19: a Report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Task Force on COVID-19. Hypertension Research, 43(10), 1028–1046. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-020-0515-0
Varghese, E., Samuel, S. M., Liskova, A., Kubatka, P., & Büsselberg, D. (2021). Diabetes and coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Molecular Mechanism of Metformin Intervention and The Scientific Basis of Drug Repurposing. PLoS Pathogens, 17(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009634
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., MacLaughlin, E. J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S. C., Spencer, C. C., Stafford, R. S., Taler, S. J., Thomas, R. J., Williams, K. A., … Wright, J. T. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for The Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task . In Hypertension (Vol. 71, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000066